Touching base: Sophisticated mass spectrometry has shown that 5-formylcytosine is a constituent of mammalian embryonic stem cell DNA. This base is likely produced from methylcytosine via hydroxymethylcytosine (see scheme), and it may serve as an intermediate in the long searched for pathway of active DNA demethylation.
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Pfaffeneder et al. (2011) studied this question.
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