Expressions are derived for the body wave and surface wave displacement at epicentral distances of between 30° and 100° from an extended or moving source. The source is assumed to lie entirely within a finite region on a plane. Otherwise it can be quite general. The effects of layering at the source and receiver are taken into account. Attenuation due to linear anelasticity is allowed for by an empirical factor. Propagation through the mantle is assumed to follow ray theory and the sphericity of the Earth is taken into account by the use of geometrical spreading factors.
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John Hudson (1969) studied this question.
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