Key result
Natural diving in ducks was associated with transient bradycardia upon submersion, followed by an increase in heart rate to pre-dive swimming levels that was maintained throughout the dive.
Population
Free-range pochards and tufted ducks
Comparison
Natural diving behavior and laboratory head… vs Swimming on the pond before the dive
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Challenges forced-submersion models of diving bradycardia; leaves open translation to mammalian or clinical contexts.
Observational
Natural diving in ducks is associated with maintenance of heart rate near pre-dive swimming levels, contrasting with the progressive bradycardia observed during forced laboratory submersion.
Butler et al. (1979) conducted an observational in Healthy ducks (pochards and tufted ducks). Natural diving behavior vs. Swimming (pre-dive) was evaluated on Changes in heart rate and respiratory frequency. Natural diving in ducks was associated with transient bradycardia upon submersion, followed by an increase in heart rate to pre-dive swimming levels that was maintained throughout the dive.
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