Recent advances in plasmonic quantum dot solar cells: Engineering strategies, charge dynamics, and future prospects

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The worldwide research efforts on photovoltaic technologies are advancing towards achieving sustainable energy beyond conventional silicon-based architecture. Within the framework of third-generation devices, plasmonic quantum dot solar cells (PQDSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their tunable bandgaps, low-cost fabrication and potential to exceed classical efficiency limits. This review highlights the recent progress in PQDSCs. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) through metal nanoparticles enhances light absorption, promotes hot-electron injection and strengthens charge separation. Parallel developments in ligand chemistry, core–shell passivation, and hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QDs) composites have improved carrier mobility and device stability. The concept multiple exciton generation (MEG) and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the challenges in large-scale manufacturing, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability are also discussed. This review paper provides fundamental engineering principles driving PQDSC performance and points out future directions for scalable and high-efficiency solar technologies. PQDSCs stand as a promising route toward affordable and sustainable next-generation photovoltaics capable of contributing meaningfully to the global clean energy transition.