Polarization modulation time-domain terahertz polarimetry

We present high precision measurements of polarization rotations in the frequency range from 0.1 to 2.5 THz using a polarization modulation technique. A motorized stage rotates a polarizer at ~ 80 Hz, and the resulting modulation of the polarization is measured by a lock-in technique. We achieve an accuracy of 0.050° (900 μrad) and a precision of 0.02° (350 μrad) for small rotation angles. A detailed mathematical description of the technique is presented, showing its ability to fully characterize elliptical polarizations from 0.1 to 2.5 THz.