DC-20 GHz N*M passive switches

High-order, bidirectional, DC-20-GHz switch networks are discussed. Single-chip 1*2, 1*4, and 2*2 switch MMICs have been demonstrated. Multiple chips have been used to demonstrate 4*4 and 1*16 switches. The switches all use a combination of series and shunt passive FET switching elements. The 1*4 switch is made of a single stage of switching elements, rather than the usual two stages of 1*2 switches. The 2*2 switch is comprised of two stages of 1*2 switches. The multiple-chip 4*4 switch is made of four stages of 1*2 switches (using the 2*2 switch MMICs). Two stages of 1*4 switches are used to make the 1*16 switch.>