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September 8, 2026IoTOpen Access

A Simulated IoT Embedded System for Classroom Indoor Air Quality, Noise, and Lighting Monitoring: Architecture and Firmware Performance Analysis

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Authors

JGJosé André GalvánDMDiego MandujanoLCLenin Canchos

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Overview

Simulation study demonstrates stable deterministic firmware execution in classroom IoT monitoring systems, indicating virtual prototyping accelerates reliable embedded deployment.

Key Points

  • To design and virtually validate an energy-efficient embedded firmware architecture for an IoT-based environmental monitoring node deployed in smart classrooms.
  • Designed an ESP32 firmware architecture integrating MQ-135, LDR, and KY-037 sensors with local visual alarms, LCD output, and HTTP wireless communication.
  • Performed hardware–software co-simulation across 10 experimental scenarios in Proteus Virtual System Modeling (VSM) to evaluate firmware execution, fault handling, and IoT connectivity.
  • Demonstrated deterministic firmware execution across all 10 scenarios, with instantaneous current consumption ranging from 100 mA to 280 mA.
  • Attained a 100% successful transmission rate (HTTP status code 200) with an average communication latency of 378 ms.

Cite This Study

Galván et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd70a58e84d0ff5b45966https://doi.org/10.3390/iot7030072
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