Frozen grief: a systematic review of ambiguous loss experiences

Purpose This systematic review focused on the impacts of physical ambiguous loss and the coping strategies used to manage this. The review aims to contribute to a gap in the literature and identify areas where future research could progress. Design/methodology/approach Twenty-seven papers were identified. Findings were analysed using an integration of meta-ethnography and thematic analysis. Findings Impact themes generated included pervasive anger and mistrust towards authorities, the emotional rollercoaster of ambiguous loss, somatic effects of ambiguous loss, frozen grief, social isolation and loneliness, identity confusion, counterfactual thinking and the dual role of work as a lifeline and obstacle. Coping strategy themes included conducting independent research or investigation, engaging in social activities and seeking support, maintaining hope and faith, grieving/religious rituals and avoiding thinking about the loss; use of exercise and emotional management and acceptance. Originality/value The current review adds to an under-researched area, namely ambiguous loss. Research has been limited with neglect of formalised intervention. The review highlights how future studies would benefit from integration of relevant theories related to traumatic experiences and further application of research designs conducive to testing the effectiveness of intervention.