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Mathematical analysis demonstrates a refined Connes-Rieffel distance bound in broken-phase Bost-Connes systems, improving beyond standard group-flip costs.
For the extreme broken-phase KMS states of a localized Bost-Connes system, separated by the order parameter chi(g) prod_j epsilon_j(x_j), the only known upper bound on the Connes-Rieffel distance W_1 was the trivial group-flip cost w_0. This paper constructs an x-adaptive coupling and proves the closed-form bound W_1 <= w_0 Pi_infinity + sum_k wj_k tauj_k prod_{l
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Ruqing Chen (2026) studied this question.
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