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September 8, 2026Clinical Kidney JournalOpen Access

Single or multiple nutritional hormone receptor modulators for chronic kidney disease

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HHHiddo J.L. Heerspink

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Overview

Narrative review shows renoprotective and cardiovascular benefits of incretin receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease, highlighting the expanding potential of multi-target therapies.

Key Points

  • Evaluate the therapeutic evolution, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of single, dual, and triple incretin receptor modulators in managing chronic kidney disease.
  • Reviewed cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials, including the FLOW study, examining the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
  • Synthesized clinical and preclinical findings on multi-receptor modulators, including dual agonists tirzepatide and cotadutide, and the triple agonist retatrutide.
  • Assessed renoprotective biological pathways involving endothelial function, microvascular integrity, inflammation, renal hemodynamics, and fibrosis.
  • Semaglutide established clinically meaningful reductions in major kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
  • Dual and triple receptor agonists demonstrated favorable shifts in kidney outcomes, reducing albuminuria and improving estimated glomerular filtration rate parameters relative to earlier agents.
  • Evidence confirms incretin renoprotection operates through direct renal hemodynamics, vascular integrity, and anti-inflammatory pathways beyond glucose and weight reduction.

Cite This Study

Hiddo J.L. Heerspink (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd79b58e84d0ff5b46578https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfag311
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Also Consider

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