Comprehensive Analysis of Typical Straw Utilization Technologies Based on the Coupled LCA-SD Method

Emission characteristics of straw utilization technologies were analyzed based on the life cycle assessment method, and the straw utilization policies in Northeast China were optimized through system dynamics. The research results indicate that: from the perspective of environmental impact, straw pulp papermaking technology exhibited the most significant negative impact, with pollutant emissions reaching 97.60 kg, while straw returning technology showed the least impact, with pollutant emissions of only 4.19 kg. The contribution of straw pulp papermaking technology to the greenhouse effect was the largest, reaching 2606.48 kg CO_2-eq/t. The contribution of straw feed technology to the greenhouse effect was the least, with emissions of 51.51 kg CO_2-eq/t. Among all straw utilization technologies, dust contributed the most to the environmental impact, whereas photochemical ozone contributed the least. In the scenario analysis, scenario S_5 was predicted to demonstrate the optimal performance. Compared with scenario S_0, the projected average annual reductions of pollutants SO_2, NO_x, PM_2.5, and PM_10 in Northeast China were 4.73×10{}³t, 3.79×10{}³t, 0.06×10{}³t, and 0.07×10{}³t, respectively. The study concludes that, under the condition of prohibiting open straw burning, increasing the proportion of fertilizer in comprehensive utilization technologies can effectively mitigate environmental pollution.