What does this research mean for the field?

Repeated firing of lithium disilicate ceramics consistently causes colour change, with firings beyond five cycles increasing the risk of clinically unacceptable alterations, whereas effects on translucency and flexural strength vary by material. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the influence of repeated laboratory firing cycles on the color stability, translucency, and biaxial flexural strength of pressable and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics.

September 8, 2026BMC Oral HealthOpen Access

Effect of multiple firing cycles on optical and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate ceramics fabricated via pressable and CAD/CAM technologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Authors

SDSalma Issa Duhaim HRHusniyati RoslanUniversiti Sains Malaysia MZMa’an Rashid Zakaria

Discussion

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Implication

Meta-analysis reveals repeated firing cycles induce significant color alterations in lithium disilicate ceramics without altering flexural strength, indicating avoidable refiring should be minimized.

Key Points

To evaluate the influence of repeated laboratory firing cycles on the color stability, translucency, and biaxial flexural strength of pressable and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics.
Conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
Identified 40 in vitro studies for qualitative synthesis and 20 studies for quantitative meta-analysis assessing four materials (IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max Press, Amber Mill, and Amber Press) using Hedges’ g.
Repeated firing produced large, statistically significant increases in color alteration for both ΔEab (Hedges’ g = +3.58; 95% CI: +3.13 to +4.03; k = 9) and ΔE₀₀ (Hedges’ g = +4.08; 95% CI: +3.76 to +4.41; k = 2).
Translucency showed a small, non-significant pooled effect (Hedges’ g = +0.20; 95% CI: −0.11 to +0.50; k = 17), and biaxial flexural strength similarly showed no significant change (Hedges’ g = +0.58; 95% CI: −0.28 to +1.44; k = 13).
Exceeding five firing cycles substantially elevated the risk of clinically unacceptable shade alterations, with IPS e.max CAD exhibiting greater optical stability than Amber ceramics.

Cite This Study

Duhaim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd79b58e84d0ff5b46721 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09729-x

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September 8, 2026BMC Oral HealthOpen Access

Effect of multiple firing cycles on optical and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate ceramics fabricated via pressable and CAD/CAM technologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

SDSalma Issa Duhaim HRHusniyati RoslanUniversiti Sains Malaysia MZMa’an Rashid Zakaria

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Meta-analysis reveals repeated firing cycles induce significant color alterations in lithium disilicate ceramics without altering flexural strength, indicating avoidable refiring should be minimized.

Key Points

To evaluate the influence of repeated laboratory firing cycles on the color stability, translucency, and biaxial flexural strength of pressable and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics.
Conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
Identified 40 in vitro studies for qualitative synthesis and 20 studies for quantitative meta-analysis assessing four materials (IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max Press, Amber Mill, and Amber Press) using Hedges’ g.
Repeated firing produced large, statistically significant increases in color alteration for both ΔEab (Hedges’ g = +3.58; 95% CI: +3.13 to +4.03; k = 9) and ΔE₀₀ (Hedges’ g = +4.08; 95% CI: +3.76 to +4.41; k = 2).
Translucency showed a small, non-significant pooled effect (Hedges’ g = +0.20; 95% CI: −0.11 to +0.50; k = 17), and biaxial flexural strength similarly showed no significant change (Hedges’ g = +0.58; 95% CI: −0.28 to +1.44; k = 13).
Exceeding five firing cycles substantially elevated the risk of clinically unacceptable shade alterations, with IPS e.max CAD exhibiting greater optical stability than Amber ceramics.

Cite This Study

Duhaim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd79b58e84d0ff5b46721 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09729-x

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