From Awareness to Action: Bridging Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Contraceptive Counselling for Women with Chronic Medical Conditions—A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Women with chronic medical conditions are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, making contraceptive counselling an essential component of comprehensive chronic disease management. However, evidence regarding the knowledge and clinical practices of non-obstetric physicians remains limited. This study evaluated physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding contraceptive counselling for women with chronic medical conditions in a tertiary referral hospital in Türkiye. Methods: A cross-sectional Knowledge–Attitude–Practice survey was conducted among 264 non-obstetric physicians at İzmir City Hospital between July and October 2025. The questionnaire assessed contraceptive counselling practices, awareness of the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (WHO MEC), postgraduate contraception training, perceived barriers, and educational needs. Categorical associations were examined using chi-square or exact procedures as appropriate, and multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with self-reported routine contraceptive counselling while accounting for potential confounding. Results: Among the 260 physicians who responded to the relevant item, 89.2% agreed that contraceptive method selection may influence the course of chronic disease, whereas 37.9% of the total sample reported routinely providing contraceptive counselling. Awareness of the WHO MEC was limited, with 75.8% reporting no prior awareness, and 18.2% had received postgraduate contraception training. In the adjusted analysis, WHO MEC awareness (aOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.39–5.46; p = 0.004), postgraduate contraception training (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12–5.07; p = 0.024), seeing ≥30 women of reproductive age per week (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15–3.73; p = 0.016), female sex (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 1.90–7.65; p < 0.001), and >10 years of clinical practice (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.23–4.62; p = 0.010) were associated with higher odds of self-reported routine counselling. Specialty was not significantly associated after adjustment. Conclusions: Self-reported routine contraceptive counselling remained limited despite broad recognition of the relevance of contraception in chronic disease care. Guideline awareness, postgraduate training, clinical exposure, sex, and clinical experience were associated with routine counselling after adjustment, although causal relationships cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study. These findings support further evaluation of educational and organizational strategies for integrating reproductive healthcare into chronic disease management.