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September 8, 2026ACS Sustainable Resource ManagementOpen Access

Biochar-Supported Magnesium-, Copper-, and Zinc Ammonium Carbonate Fertilizer Materials: Single-Pot Synthesis, Thermal Stability, Water Adsorption, Nitrogen Release, and Antifungal Activity

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Authors

MAMohamed AmmarMBMariana G. BrondiCFCristiane S. Farinas

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Overview

Experimental study reveals reduced nitrogen volatilization and enhanced stability in biochar-metal ammonium carbonate composites, highlighting potential for sustainable fertilizer systems.

Key Points

  • Synthesize biochar-supported magnesium, copper, and zinc ammonium carbonate composites via single-pot mechanochemistry and characterize their stability, nitrogen release, and functional properties.
  • Synthesized double ammonium carbonate salts with magnesium (BC-MAC), copper (BC-CAC), and zinc (BC-ZAC) combined with biochar using a single-pot mechanochemical solid-state method.
  • Characterized crystal structures, particle evolution, and thermal profiles using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.
  • Evaluated moisture kinetics and mass loss via dynamic vapor sorption, along with quantitative measurements of nitrogen emissions and antifungal activity.
  • Dynamic vapor sorption showed that 10% biochar-magnesium ammonium carbonate (10BC-MAC) lost ~37% of its initial mass after one day of drying, compared to 47% mass loss in unsupported MAC.
  • Composites containing 10% biochar (BC-MAC) reduced nitrogen emissions by ~20% compared to standard ammonium carbonate.
  • Biochar matrix incorporation successfully retained and modulated the functional antifungal properties of copper ammonium carbonate.

Cite This Study

Ammar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd7e758e84d0ff5b47048https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.6c00448
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