Theoretical derivation establishes bound states and Maxwell electromagnetism in a discrete framework, indicating that gauge structures emerge without free parameters or ad hoc adjustments.
D2d-C1 covers the bound-state sector (Dyson equation) and the electromagnetic sector (Maxwell equations) of the Triniton discrete framework. The derivations are given explicitly, with controlled inputs and conventions declared. The document establishes: (I) the discrete Laplacian symbol h(k) and Watson integrals W₄, C₄; (II) the formal negative result NEG-C₄' (C₄' = +∞); (III) the Dyson equation via the Birman-Schwinger method — existence and uniqueness of the bound state, corpus convention for v₀, and the scope limit on α_em; (IV) the complete Maxwell chain — U(1), forced potential A([x]), field tensor F_μν, Bianchi identity dF=0, and the variational derivation of d★F=J; (V) the photon spectral zero. Zero free parameters. Zero ad hoc adjustments. Zero fits.
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Fabio Diniz Pinto (2026) studied this question.
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