Modern Methods of Dental Caries Prevention in Children and Adults

This article analyzes modern methods of dental caries prevention in children and adults based on scientific literature, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and recommendations from international health organizations. Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, affecting 30% to 90% of children and adults across different populations. Despite its preventable nature, caries continues to pose a significant public health challenge, contributing to pain, infection, tooth loss, and reduced quality of life. The article examines the multifactorial etiology of dental caries, the principles of modern caries prevention, the spectrum of preventive strategies ranging from individual (fluoride therapy, fissure sealants, dietary modification, oral hygiene) to professional (topical fluoride applications, silver diamine fluoride, atraumatic restorative treatment) and public health interventions (community water fluoridation, school-based programs, integrated care pathways). Special attention is given to emerging preventive modalities including nanosilver fluoride, probiotics and postbiotics, argininecontaining dentifrices, and fluoride-free hydroxyapatite toothpastes. The article also analyzes the clinical effectiveness, indications, and limitations of each approach, as well as the importance of risk-based, individualized prevention strategies across different age groups.