Theoretical framework reveals discrete sub-quantum wavon states for electromagnetic fields, indicating that photon masslessness and monopole absence arise structurally from lattice algebra.
The basic unit of wavon mechanics (WM) is not the quantum but the wavon — a Planck-scale objectformed when a wave winds upon itself and closes — and three wavons bound by a rule correspond to onequantum, the basic unit of quantum mechanics (§1). Naming the three kinds of wavon a, b, c and assigningcharges q(a) = 0, q(b) = +1, q(c) = −1, the 39 letter strings (words) of length at most three carry a complexnumber L = Σj q(tj)ωj (ω = e2πi/3, the lean), from which charge Q = (2/3)·Re L, weight |L|2, depth Σ = Σj q(tj),and charge conjugation C: b↔c are defined. The paper shows: (Theorem 1) the three requirements on a fieldquantum — neutrality (Q = 0), no additive conserved charge (Σ = 0), self-conjugacy (Cw = w) — are met, acrossall layers, by exactly the seats {a, aa, aaa}, which is the lattice counterpart of electromagnetism being anabelian U(1) sector. (Theorem 2) The three-letter seats of zero weight are exactly aaa, bbb, ccc; hence, oncethe photon is assigned to aaa, its masslessness is a theorem and not an assignment. (Theorem 3) The a-sectorcarries no charge at any occupation number, so the magnetic monopole is not merely unobserved butstructurally forbidden. A field is defined as a region in which wavons are laid down: where a is laid there is amagnetic field, where aa is laid an electric field, where aaa a photon field, and where all letters lie together aparticle field (§1.3). On this the assignment [hypothesis] is placed — a (one meridian) = the quantum of themagnetic field, aa (two meridians) = the seat of the electric field, aaa (three meridians) = the photon — andreading the three seats as meridians of a single sphere gives two further theorems: (Theorem 4) with twomeridians coupled at the poles there is no circulating mode and the relative phase is free, while with threethere is one symmetric mode and a degenerate pair of 120° circulating modes — two polarizations and theabsence of a longitudinal one; (Theorem 5) the degrees of freedom of a two-meridian state are two amplitudesand one relative phase, exactly what circuit measurements require. Agreement with the measured facts ofstandard electromagnetism (bounds on the photon's mass and charge, non-observation of monopoles,Poynting energy flow, the skin effect, the photoelectric threshold, the isotropy of light speed, the cosmicmicrowave background dipole) is adjudicated item by item. For the speed of light the paper registers thereading that the photon rests at the background coordinate where it was born and that c is the propagationrate of the background, while stating that this reading is observationally equivalent to special relativity andyields no new prediction. Four falsification clauses are registered — falsification of the lattice, observation ofa magnetic monopole, derivation of a linear dispersion term, and destruction of the degeneracy of thecirculating modes — and every agreement with verified physics is classified as reproduction. There is noscore. No prior-work section is kept: mathematics used is cited as a tool, measurements used as borrowings,each with its source only.
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Myung Dal SON (2026) studied this question.
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