What does this research mean for the field?

Climate, habitat, and socioeconomic gradients drive divergent occupancy and co-occurrence patterns between Anna's and rufous hummingbirds, with Anna's favoring warmer, urbanized environments and rufous favoring colder, less modified habitats. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine how climate, habitat structure, and socioeconomic gradients govern the breeding occupancy and co-occurrence of expanding Anna's hummingbirds and declining rufous hummingbirds.

September 8, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Climate, habitat, and socioeconomic gradients shape divergent occupancy and co-occurence patterns between two hummingbirds in western North America

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Authors

DSDavide ScridelUniversity of Trieste KMKathy MartinEnvironment and Climate Change Canada TKTabitha KennedyUniversity of British Columbia

Discussion

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Implication

Ecological modeling study reveals divergent climatic and urban occupancy between Anna's and rufous hummingbirds, highlighting environmental filtering rather than direct competition.

Key Points

To determine how climate, habitat structure, and socioeconomic gradients govern the breeding occupancy and co-occurrence of expanding Anna's hummingbirds and declining rufous hummingbirds.
Analyzed 2023 spring and early summer eBird occurrence records across 1.1 million km² of western North America.
Fitted single-species and multispecies occupancy models integrating high-resolution climate, vegetation structure, and socioeconomic metrics (GDP).
Rufous hummingbirds occupied colder climates, areas with <25% urban cover, and low-to-moderate croplands, whereas Anna’s hummingbirds preferred warmer conditions and higher urbanization.
Species co-occurrence peaked in areas with low-to-moderate urbanization and high GDP, declining sharply in dense urban settings with high GDP.
Anna’s hummingbird occupancy increased steadily with GDP across the urban–rural gradient, while rufous hummingbird occupancy responded positively to GDP only in areas with low urbanization.

Cite This Study

Scridel et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd83b58e84d0ff5b47a30 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68184-4

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Implication

Ecological modeling study reveals divergent climatic and urban occupancy between Anna's and rufous hummingbirds, highlighting environmental filtering rather than direct competition.

Climate, habitat, and socioeconomic gradients shape divergent occupancy and co-occurence patterns between two hummingbirds in western North America

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Climate, habitat, and socioeconomic gradients shape divergent occupancy and co-occurence patterns between two hummingbirds in western North America

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider