Root essential oil of Pulicaria mauritanica Coss. (Asteraceae) collected from western Algeria was analysed using a combination of chromatographic (CC, GC/FID, GC(RI)] and spectroscopic [GC–MS, 13C‐NMR] techniques. Thirty‐eight compounds accounting for 90.4% of the whole composition were identified. The oil composition was dominated by thymyl derivatives (2,5‐dimethoxy‐p‐cymene (37.2%), 6‐methoxythymyl isobutyrate (14.2%), 10‐isobutyryloxy‐8,9‐dehydrothymyl isobutyrate (4.8%) and thymyl isobutyrate (3.1%)), as well as by neryl isobutyrate (11.1%). A new natural compound was isolated and the structure was elucidated as 1S,2S,5S,8S‐modhephan‐3‐one (relative stereochemistry).
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