A New Electrostatic Energy Analyzer for ESCA

The axially symmetric analyzer decelerates an electron beam by a nearly homogeneous electric field. Refraction and dispersion at the interface of the electric field directs electrons within a narrow energy range (∼1.0 eV) to a circumferential detector. An empirical field distortion near the detector, introduced by a needle, augments energy separation for nearly axial electron trajectories.