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The Btendue, defined as the product of entrance area and solid angle, of three dispersive electron spectrometers is calculated in terms of the resolving power and a dimension.The cylindrical mirror used to image a source on the surface of the inner cylinder on to the same surface has the largest Btendue.The effect of a focusing retarding field at the input of the directionally sensitive hemispherical spectrometer is shown to increase the etendue to such an extent that it may exceed that of the cylindrical mirror.A similar expression is obtained for the retarding spherical grid spectrometer.
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D. W. O. Heddle (1971) studied this question.
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