The dynamic characteristics of surface emitting lasers with a saturable absorbing layer are modelled, and shown to exhibit self-sustained pulsations up to 10 GHz. A set of coupled rate equations is used to investigate the regions of self-pulsations, and show that there is an optimum position for the absorbing layer within the cavity structure to produce the widest range of pulsation frequencies.
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Nugent et al. (1995) studied this question.
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