Implications of NAD + boosters in translational medicine

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is an essential metabolite in energy metabolism as well as a co‐substrate in biochemical reactions such as protein deacylation, protein ADP‐ribosylation and cyclic ADP‐ribose synthesis mediated by sirtuins, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and CD38. In eukaryotic cells, NAD + is synthesized through three distinct pathways, which offer different strategies to modulate the bioavailability of NAD + . The therapeutic potential of dietarily available NAD + boosters preserving the NAD + pool has been attracting attention after the discovery of declining NAD + levels in ageing model organisms as well as in several age‐related diseases, including cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the recent advances in the biology of NAD + , including the salubrious effects of NAD + boosters and discuss their future translational strategies.