New BIM Roles’ Legitimacy and Changing Power Dynamics on BIM-Enabled Projects

In response to the demands of implementing building information modeling (BIM), new roles and job titles have emerged. However, it can be argued that these roles fundamentally fall within the scope of the traditional functions of existing core professional service providers, although being carried out through different means and methods. This study examines the circumstances that have created the necessity for these new roles in the South African context and also questions the sustainability of their legitimacy. Data were collected using key informant interviews with construction professional service providers (CPSPs) in South Africa and analyzed through thematic content analysis. A deep conceptualization and new theoretical insight is developed on the phenomenon of new role creation and legitimation. It was established that new BIM role takers are legitimated to exercise authority within project teams and organizations mainly by leveraging superior knowledge as a strategic resource. By implication, they will remain legitimate only as long as the constraint prompting their creation subsists, i.e., core professionals’ BIM knowledge deficiencies, thereby affirming that the new BIM roles are transitory and unsustainable.