Dynamics of Bright/Dark Solitons in Bose–Einstein Condensates with Time-Dependent Scattering Length and External Potential

We present an analytical study on the dynamics of bright and dark solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates with time-varying atomic scattering length in a time-varying external parabolic potential. A set of exact soliton solutions of the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation are obtained, including fundamental bright solitons, higher-order bright solitons, and dark solitons. The results show that the soliton's parameters (amplitude, width, and period) can be changed in a controllable manner by changing the scattering length and external potential. This may be helpful to design experiments.