The Heck coupling of iodobenzene with olefins occurs with high efficiencies at low temperatures in imidazolium-based ionic liquids catalyzed by PdCl 2 /Et 3 N, and the catalyst can be recycled after extraction of the products by supercritical CO 2 . The coupling efficiency is dependent on water content of the ionic liquid. With a low water content (<50 ppm) in the ionic liquid, the Heck coupling reaction would proceed with >90% yield at room temperature using this catalytic system.
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Yoon et al. (2006) studied this question.
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