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The solar storms of May 2024 represented one of the most significant space weather events of the 21st century, producing multiple X-class solar flares, a rare "cannibal" coronal mass ejection (CME), and G5-class geomagnetic storms that rivaled historical events like the Halloween Storms of 2003. This comprehensive analysis examines the underlying physics, technological impacts, societal consequences, and historical context of these extraordinary solar phenomena, while exploring their implications for our increasingly technology-dependent civilization.
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Mukherjee et al. (2025) studied this question.
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