Generative Adversarial Network-Based AI Framework for Adaptive Job Shop Scheduling in Industry 5.0

In smart manufacturing, efficient job shop scheduling (JSS) and resource management remain critical challenges, especially in dynamic production environments. Traditional methods often struggle to adapt to real-time changes and unexpected events. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based generative AI framework that augments scheduling data with realistic synthetic scenarios and integrates Local Outlier Factor (LOF)-enhanced Q-learning-based reinforcement learning (QRL) for adaptive JSS optimization in Industry 5.0 environments. The GAN is trained to generate realistic synthetic scheduling scenarios, which are combined with real-world data from a state-of-the-art Festo Didactics Cyber Physical Lab to augment the diversity and coverage of training samples. The LOF algorithm enables real-time bottleneck detection, while the QRL agent learns robust scheduling policies that minimize makespan and prioritize bottleneck mitigation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GAN-LOF-QRL approach achieves an average makespan reduction of 70.8% across varying production volumes (12, 15, and 18 orders), significantly improving scheduling efficiency and resource utilization compared to traditional RL and heuristic methods. This research advances smart manufacturing initiatives and Industry 5.0 goals by providing a scalable, adaptive scheduling solution that leverages generative AI to address the complexities of modern supply networks.