Size, alloy and interface effects on Cu-based catalysts for enhancing electrochemical reduction of CO2

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The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) is a significant pathway for converting CO2 into valuable fuels and promoting the sustainability of energy and environment. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in copper-based CO2 conversion electrocatalysts due to their high activity and selectivity to generate various products from CO2 reduction. This review paper focuses on the systematic design of Cu-based CO2RR electrocatalysts, with a specific emphasis on size regulation, alloying strategies, and interface engineering. Furthermore, the stability, activity, catalytic performance, and underlying mechanisms of these Cu-based electrocatalysts are extensively discussed. Finally, the potential applications and existing challenges associated with copper-based electrocatalysts are summarized, aiming to guide the design of high-performance CO2RR electrocatalysts.