The otolaryngologist's role in the diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

In the early insidious phase of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the patient will often present initially to the otolaryngologist for a presumed speech problem or dysphagia. Adult onset hypernasality, breathiness, articulation defects and voice harshness should all be seen as possible early signs of ALS and may allow the otolaryngologist to be the primary diagnostician for that disease; three such cases are reported here. Once the diagnosis of ALS is made, the otolaryngologist may be involved at different stages in the disease, offering treatment such as Teflon¿ injections, pharyngeal flap, obturator fitting, cricopharyngeal myotomy, tracheostomy, and cervical esophagostomy for speech, swallowing and aspiration problems. Although they do not halt the progression of this fatal disease, these procedures provide an improved quality of life for the patient whose intellectual function is preseved while his motor functions progressively deteriorate. This is more important for the minority of patients having prolonged survival.