A Complete Review on Dental Carious Lesion Detection Methods and its Challenges

Dental caries is a common bacterial oral disease of teeth.Our mouth gets unhygienic due to the presence of carbohydrates, acid and bacteria.These destroy the enamel, dentine layer of the tooth.Streptococcus mutants are responsible for dental caries.As per World Health Organization report worldwide, 60-90% of school children and almost 100% of adults have dental caries.Dental caries and periodontal disease for long days without treatment causes tooth losses.Near future it will be an epidemic.It is a chronic disease that can affect us at any period of age.Recent research has indicated that there are possible links between oral infections and diabetes, heart, lung disease, stroke, and premature births.Hence early detection of dental caries in enamel would be very essential.Dentists generally use radiographs to detect dental caries.Frequently taken x-ray is harmful to human body.Unfortunately there is not a single method to detect caries in its early stage.Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to identify the existing caries detection methods and find out its loopholes.Dental caries is most common oral infectious disease.It is painful and caused by Streptococcus mutants, acid and carbohydrates [1].If dental caries remain untreated then it affects the root of the teeth and finally uprooted the teeth.Hence, if caries detected at its early stage then surgical interventions could be avoided.World Health organization (WHO) report reveals that 98% adult people and (60-90)% [2] of school children are suffering from dental caries.It is an infectious and chronic disease that can affect us at any age.Near future it will be an epidemic.Hence early caries detection is very essential.The reason behind dental caries is unhealthy oral condition and negligence of teeth caring like brushing at least twice in a day, wash full mouth after smoking etc.There are some general symptoms of dental caries like tooth pain, sensitivity due to hot