By means of liquid chromatographic analysis, UV, 13C NMR and GC-MS spectroscopy it is possible to determine quantitatively the most important intermediate and final products of the formose reaction. As stable main products xylose, glucose and dendroketose, as stable side products ribose, lyxose, arabinose, mannose, dendroaldose, fructose and sorbose are identified. Instable intermediates are glycolaldehyde, glycerolaldehyde, dihydroxiacetone, erythrose, threose and pentuloses. Cannizzaro reaction, oligomerization and the primary formose reaction are catalyzed by a calcium hydroxide bismethylene glycolate complex.
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Harsch et al. (1983) studied this question.
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