The Japanese Circulation Society guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and specific types of myocarditis.
The JCS 2009 guidelines provide comprehensive consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of myocarditis and its specific subtypes.
Myocarditis is classified by its etiology, cell type (lymphocytic type, giant cell type, eosinophilic type, granulomatous type), and clinical type (fulminant type, acute type, chronic type) as shown in Table 1.3,4 3. Symptoms, Signs and Clinical Tests 1 Symptom Myocarditis is preceded by flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, headache, muscle aches, general malaise) or gastrointestinal symptoms such as decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.Cardiac manifestations of myocarditis appear a few hours to a few days after the initial signs and symptoms.5 Cardiac symptoms consist of (1) those of heart failure, (2) chest pain due to pericardial irritation, and (3) symptoms associated with heart block and arrhythmia.The possibility of myocarditis must be considered if a patient with such symptoms is febrile. SignThe clinical signs of myocarditis include fever, cardiac rhythm disturbance (tachycardia, bradycardia, and arrhythmia), hypotension, gallop rhythm, rales, jugular venous dilatation, and cardiac tamponade.
JCS Joint Working Group (2011) conducted a review in Myocarditis. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines was evaluated. The Japanese Circulation Society guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and specific types of myocarditis.