Key result
Embryotoxic stimuli, including sera from women who aborted, induced nitric oxide production by early stage mouse embryos, suggesting NO plays a potential role in early embryo death.
Why the study?
Do embryotoxic factors induce nitric oxide production in early embryos?
Do embryotoxic factors induce nitric oxide production in early embryos?
Nitric oxide production is induced by embryotoxic factors in early embryos, suggesting a potential role for NO in early embryo death.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Hypothesis-generating for nitric oxide in embryotoxicity; human relevance and clinical implications remain undetermined.
In this report, we examined whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in early embryo death. We have chosen various experimentally defined embryotoxic stimuli in mice and determined their ability to induce NO production by 2-cell stage embryos. The embryotoxic factors used were interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) and the murine embryotoxic antibody DF4. We showed that in all cases the embryotoxic stimuli induced NO production by early stage embryos that correlated with the induction of the inducible and/or endothelial isoforms of NO synthase. This study was also extended to the human system where sera from women who aborted were tested for their ability to act embryotoxically by inducing NO in early mouse embryos and mature murine placenta. The results obtained confirmed the embryotoxic character of NO found in these particular sera leading to the hypothesis that NO plays a potential role in early embryo death.
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Athanassakis et al. (2000) studied Early embryo death. Embryotoxic factors (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, LPS, 5-AzaC, DF4, and human sera) was evaluated on Nitric oxide (NO) production by 2-cell stage embryos. Embryotoxic stimuli, including sera from women who aborted, induced nitric oxide production by early stage mouse embryos, suggesting NO plays a potential role in early embryo death.
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