Key result
Maternal exposure to secondhand smoke in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of congenital heart disease in offspring (aOR 2.24).
Why the study?
MTHFD may affect embryonic development, but a limited number of its genetic variants have been studied regarding congenital heart disease risk and maternal smoking interaction.
Does maternal tobacco exposure and MTHFD gene polymorphisms increase the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring?
Case-Control (n=968)
No
Does maternal tobacco exposure and MTHFD gene polymorphisms increase the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring?
Odds Ratio: 2.24 (95% CI 1.57–3.2)
Absolute Event Rate: 40.9% vs 19.4%
p-value: p=<0.001
Maternal MTHFD1 variants and smoking exposure were associated with offspring CHD; leaves open causal inference and needs prospective confirmation.
Background: MTHFD may affect the embryonic development by elevated homocysteine levels, DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, but limited number of genetic variants of MTHFD was focused on the association with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study examined the role of MTHFD and maternal smoking in CHD risk, and investigated their interaction effects in Chinese populations. Methods: A case-control study of 464 mothers of CHD infants and 504 mothers of health controls was performed. The exposures of interest were maternal tobacco exposure, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of maternal MTHFD gene. The logistic regression model was used for accessing the strength of association.Results: Mothers exposed to secondhand smoke during three months before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.15) and in the first trimester of pregnancy (aOR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.57-3.20) were observed an increased risk of CHD. Our study also found that polymorphisms of maternal MTHFD gene at rs1950902 (AA vs. GG: aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.01-2.97), rs2236222 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.38-4.12), rs1256142 (GA vs.GG: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.45) and rs11849530 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02-2.77) were significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Furthermore, we found the different degrees of interaction effects between polymorphisms of the MTHFD gene including rs1950902, rs2236222, rs1256142, rs11849530 and rs2236225, and maternal tobacco exposure.Conclusions: Maternal polymorphisms of MTHFD gene at rs1950902, rs2236222, rs1256142 and rs11849530, maternal tobacco exposure and their interactions are significantly increased the risk of CHD in offspring. However, more studies in different ethnic populations with a larger sample and prospective designs are required to confirm our findings.Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=28300&htm=4
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Song et al. (2021) conducted a case-control in Congenital heart disease (n=968). Maternal secondhand smoke exposure in the first trimester vs. No secondhand smoke exposure in the first trimester was evaluated on Risk of congenital heart disease in offspring (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.57-3.20, p=<0.001). Maternal exposure to secondhand smoke in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of congenital heart disease in offspring (aOR 2.24).
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