1H NMR-based metabolomics studies on the effect of size-fractionated fish protein hydrolysate, fish meal and plant protein in diet for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximusL.)

This study was designed to evaluate changes in the metabolic profile of liver and muscle of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed fishmeal-based diet, diets containing size-fractionated fish protein hydrolysate and plant protein-based diet using 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach combined with the growth. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was obtained by enzymatic treatment, permeate fraction was obtained as UF by ultrafiltered step, and retentate fraction was retained as RF. FM diet contained fish meal used as a single protein source. Four other diets (PP, UF, FPH and RF) contained 180 g kg−1 diet fish meal. 54, 55 and 55 g kg−1 dry diet UF, FPH and RF were supplemented to UF, FPH and RF diets. All diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isonitrogenous fed to five triplicate groups of turbot (16.05 ± 0.03 g) for 68 days. O-PLS-DA in FM versus UF, FM versus FPH, FM versus RF and FM versus PP resulted in a reliable model for muscle and liver tissue, while O-PLS-DA in UF versus FPH and UF versus RF only showed metabolites changes in liver tissue. Results indicated that metabolite changes among the different treatments were consistent with the growth tendency.