Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections

Figures

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  Fig. 1. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and BA.2 breakthrough infection cohorts involved in this study. a Mutations located in spike protein were identified in Omicron subvariants including BA.2, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75. Amino acid residues consistent with WT SARS-CoV-2 were marked in gray, and mutations in Omicron subvariants were marked in orange. b Schematic overview of study design. Blood samples from BA.2 breakthrough infected individuals previously immunized with 2-dose or 3-dose inactivated vaccines were collected in the early stage of infection (Visit 1, within 2 days after diagnosis) and during the convalescent period (Visit 2, 81 days post diagnosis).

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  Fig. 2. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants by plasma from inactivated vaccine recipients infected with BA.2. a, b Comparison of plasma neutralizing activities in different groups against WT SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants at Visit 1 (early stage of infection) (a) and Visit 2 (convalescent period) (b). c, d Neutralization titers against WT SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infected individuals with 2-dose (c) and 3-dose (d) inactivated vaccines. e, f Enhancement effects of neutralization against WT SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants by BA.2 breakthrough infection in 2-dose (e) and 3-dose (f) group. g Fold change in the enhanced neutralization of WT SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants by BA.2 breakthrough infection. h Correlation analysis between ID50 values against WT SARS-CoV-2 at Visit 1 and fold changes of enhanced neutralization in the 34 BA.2 breakthrough infected individuals. Perfect-fit correlation line was included on the plot. The non-parametric Spearman’s correlation coefficients (R) and statistically significant P value were provided. The ID50 values are means of at least two independent experiments. Data are presented as geometric mean…