Key result
More liberal use of cesarean section and extraction of the posterior arm are recommended for managing shoulder dystocia and fetal malpresentations.
Population
Pregnant women at risk for or experiencing shoulder dystocia or fetal malpresentation
Design
Review
Authors
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May guide emergency obstetric decisions; leaves open need for prospective trials to validate recommendations.
Provides clinical guidance on managing obstetric emergencies including shoulder dystocia and fetal malpresentations.
William J. Dignam (1976) conducted a review in Shoulder dystocia and malpresentations of the fetus. Cesarean section and extraction of the posterior arm was evaluated. More liberal use of cesarean section and extraction of the posterior arm are recommended for managing shoulder dystocia and fetal malpresentations.
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