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A periodically aligned submicron ZnO hemispheres array was embedded into a TiO2 nanoparticulate thin film (thickness; ca. 12 μm) as a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The ZnO hemisphere array provided light scattering centers that excited more dyes and direct electron pathways to the electrodes, which is beneficial for high efficiency DSSCs.
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Kim et al. (2012) studied this question.
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