Innovative Cardiac Rehabilitation: Effects of Adaptive Postural Balance Exercise on Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Participant flow chart illustrating the recruitment, grouping, and analysis processes in the study.

• 

  Figure 2. Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at week 1 and week 8 in the Aerobic Exercise (AE) and Irregular Exercise (IE) groups. (a) FBG levels (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. (b) HbA1c levels (%) in the AE and IE groups. (c) Change in FBG (ΔFBG) (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. (d) Change in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) (%) in the AE and IE groups. ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 3. Changes in lipid profile markers at week 1 and week 8 in the AE and IE groups. (a) LDL-C levels (mmol/L). (b) HDL-C levels (mmol/L). (c) TG levels (mmol/L). (d) TC levels (mmol/L). (e) Change in LDL-C (ΔLDL-C) (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. (f) Change in HDL-C (ΔHDL-C) (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. (g) Change in TG (ΔTG) (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. (h) Change in TC (ΔTC) (mmol/L) in the AE and IE groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 4. Changes in FBG and HbA1c levels at week 1 and week 8 in AE and non-diabetic AE groups [ND(AE)]. (a) FBG levels (mmol/L) in the AE and ND(AE) groups. (b) HbA1c levels (%) in the AE and ND(AE) groups. ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 5. Changes in lipid profile markers at week 1 and week 8 in AE and ND(AE) groups. (a) LDL-C levels (mmol/L). (b) HDL-C levels (mmol/L). (c) TG levels (mmol/L). (d) TC levels (mmol/L). (e) Change in LDL-C (ΔLDL-C) (mmol/L) in AE and ND(AE) groups. (f) Change in HDL-C (ΔHDL-C) (mmol/L) in AE and ND(AE) groups. (g) Change in TG (ΔTG) (mmol/L) in AE and ND(AE) groups. (h) Change in TC (ΔTC) (mmol/L) in AE and ND(AE) groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 6. Changes in anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake (AT\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document}$ \dot V{O_2}$\end{document}) and maximal oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document}$\dot V{O_2}$\end{document}max) at week 1 and week 8 in AE and ND(AE) groups. (a) AT\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs}…

• 

  Figure 7. Changes in FBG and HbA1c levels at week 1 and week 8 in Adaptive Postural Balance Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise (APBCRE) and AE groups. (a) FBG levels (mmol/L). (b) HbA1c levels (%). (c) Change in FBG (ΔFBG) (mmol/L) in the APBCRE and AE groups. (d) Change in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) (%) in the APBCRE and AE groups. ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 8. Changes in lipid profile markers at week 1 and week 8 in APBCRE and AE groups. (a) LDL-C levels (mmol/L). (b) HDL-C levels (mmol/L). (c) TG levels (mmol/L). (d) TC levels (mmol/L). (e) Change in LDL-C (ΔLDL-C) (mmol/L) in the APBCRE and AE groups. (f) Change in HDL-C (ΔHDL-C) (mmol/L) in the APBCRE and AE groups. (g) Change in TG (ΔTG) (mmol/L) in the APBCRE and AE groups. (h) Change in TC (ΔTC) (mmol/L) in the APBCRE and AE groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 indicates significant within-group differences.

• 

  Figure 9. Changes in AT\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document}$ \dot V{O_2} $\end{document}and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} {linotext }{} \DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext} \begin{document}$ \dot V{O_2}$\end{document}max at week 1 and week 8 in APBCRE and AE groups. (a) AT\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage[substack]{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{} \DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n}…