A quadrature-based scheme for numerical solutions to Kirchhoff transformed Richards' equation

In this work we propose a new numerical scheme for solving Richards' equation within Gardner's framework and accomplishing mass conservation. In order to do so, we resort to Kirchhoff transformation of Richards' equation in mixed form, so to exploit specific Gardner model features, obtaining a linear second order partial differential equation. Then, leveraging the mass balance condition, we integrate both sides of the equation over a generic grid cell and discretize integrals using trapezoidal rule. This approach provides a linear non-homogeneous initial value problem with respect to the Kirchhoff transform variable, whose solution yields the sought numerical scheme. Such a scheme is proven to be {document}l²{document} -stable and convergent to the exact solution under suitably conditions on step-sizes, retaining the order of convergence from the underlying quadrature formula.