Key result
Male sex links to higher CV risk burden in hypertensive crisis but yields similar clinical outcomes.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular risk profiles and outcomes differ between men and women, but data from African populations hospitalized with a hypertensive crisis are lacking.
Are there gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes among patients admitted with a hypertensive crisis in Cameroon?
Cross-Sectional (n=95)
No
Are there gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes among patients admitted with a hypertensive crisis in Cameroon?
p-value: p=>0.05
In a Cameroonian cohort of patients with hypertensive crisis, men had a higher cardiovascular risk burden than women, but clinical presentations and outcomes were similar.
No gender differences in presentation or outcomes despite higher male risk factor burden; hypothesis-generating for sex-specific prevention in hypertensive crisis.
Background . Several recent studies have shown differences in the risk profile and outcome of cardiovascular diseases between men and women, with a dearth of data from African populations. This study aimed to examine gender differences in a group of patients from Cameroon hospitalized with a hypertensive crisis. Methods . We conducted a cross‐sectional study from June 2018 until June 2019. The criteria to define a hypertensive crisis (HC) were systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure should be ≥180/110 mmHg. We compared the clinical presentation and outcome of males versus females. Results . Out of the 1536 patients admitted, 95 (6.2%) had an HC. There were 49 (51.6%) men. There was no significant age difference between men and women (52.7 years vs. 49.3 years, p = 0.28). Alcohol consumption ( p < 0.0001), previous stroke ( p = 0.04), and smoking ( p = 0.03) were significantly higher in men compared to women. Men had a higher proportion of psychomotor agitation ( p = 0.05). There was an equal proportion of men and women with hypertensive emergencies. Although acute left ventricular failure was most frequent in women (46.4% vs 42.9%), cerebral infarction (14.3% vs 17.9%), and acute coronary syndrome (0% vs 7.1%) were higher in men, the differences were not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). Case fatality was also higher in men compared to women but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions . Men admitted for an HC had a significantly higher cardiovascular risk burden and higher psychomotor agitation. However, there were no significant differences in the types of hypertensive emergencies and outcomes between men and women.
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Nkoké et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertensive crisis (n=95). Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on Clinical presentation and outcome (including types of hypertensive emergencies and case fatality) (p=>0.05). Male sex was associated with a higher cardiovascular risk burden in patients with a hypertensive crisis, but there were no significant differences in hypertensive emergencies or outcomes compared to females.
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