Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Knee Replacement Surgery

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still a frequent and sometimes severe complication after knee replacement surgery. Both and non-pharmacological measures have been widely used to decrease VTE risk. Non pharmacological include measures directed to decrease the effects of blood stasis, intermittent pneumatic compression (IPCD) and graduated compression stockings, and mechanical devices. Pharmacological prophylaxis of venous (VTE) is associated with a more significant decrease in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) related complications after knee arthroplasty however anticoagulation may increase the risk of postoperative bleeding related complications, in particular the need for re-intervention. Aim of present review was to suggest practical approach DVT prophylaxis in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. parenteral drugs (low dose unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux) are the more employed agents, limited compliance may be a concern. Recent studies suggest that direct oral anticoagulants, and anti Xa agent, might be a useful alternative although safety may limited by an higher rate of local bleeding.