Pyrene can be bent by almost 90°. This was confirmed by a crystal structure analysis of cyclophane 1, which reveals an 87.8° bend over the length of the pyrene moiety and a stretched aliphatic chain (C-C-C bond angles up to 119.4°). The signals at highest field for the bridge protons are at δ = −1.47. The arene's curved surface approximates part of the surface of D6h C84.
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Bodwell et al. (1996) studied this question.
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