How Many *-s Suffixes in Old Chinese? (古漢語有多少個 -s 後綴?)

This paper presents potential cognates of the qusheng derivations in more conservative languages of the Trans-Himalayan family, in particular Rgyalrongic and Kiranti. It is suggested in particular that the valency-increasing uses of the qusheng could be related to the applicative -t suffix and that its valency-decreasing uses may be a trace of the reflexive -si suffix. 本文將去聲構擬為*-s或*-t，並提出去聲別義可能與漢藏語系存古語言中的不同後綴同源，去聲的使動和應動的用法可能對應基蘭梯語的應動-t後綴，而被動和反被動的功能則可能是反身後綴-si的痕跡。(This article is in English.)