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The LHC high gradient quadrupole coils are subject to a continuous heat load due to the beam-induced energy deposition during operation. All heat deposited in the coil must be removed so that the magnets will remain in a superconducting state. The quadrupole magnets are designed to be cooled with stagnant pressurized He II. This paper summarizes the heat flow analyses from the insulated coil to the boiling saturated He II for the LHC interaction region quadrupoles. The effects of cable surface heat flux and cooling channel heights on the thermal characteristics of the magnets are studied. He II heat exchanger designs, arranged internally and externally are compared.
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Huang et al. (1997) studied this question.
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