The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs) as Early Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.

Figures

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  Figure 1. Gating strategy of endothelial progenitors and circulating cells. Selection of CD34+ cells within cells, with the morphology of mononuclear cells based on FSC and SSC properties. Subsequent gates set on CD309+ and CD133+ (for EPCs) or CD144+ (for CECs) using Boolean gating were implemented. All necessary fluorescence minus one (FMO) (red) or unstained controls are demonstrated.

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  Figure 2. Comparison of (a,b) CECs—circulating endothelial cells, (c,d) EPCs—endothelial progenitor cells, and (e) EPC/CEC ratio between T1D patients and the control group. Statistically significant p values are presented. (T1D—type 1 diabetes, Control—control group).

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  Figure 3. Comparison of (a) CECs—circulating endothelial cells, (b) EPCs—endothelial progenitor cells, and (c) EPC/CEC ratio depending on T1D patients’ clinical conditions at the disease onset. Statistically significant p values are presented.

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  Figure 4. Representation of the mechanism by which elevated levels of EPCs may serve as a potential early indicator of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with type 1 diabetes.