Intraluminal thrombus effect on the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms by using a multistate continuous-time Markov chain model

Figures

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  Figure 1.. The maximum spherical diameter of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) for each patient over time based on the age of the patient. Each line corresponds to one patient that is identified by the number shown on the lower left corner of each line. The dots on each line indicate when the computed tomography image was taken.

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  Figure 2.. Fitted transition probability curves at different years. (a) The homogeneous Markov model without covariates. (b) The homogeneous Markov model with a covariate: maxILT, when maxILT is fixed at its mean value 14.34 mm. (c) The homogeneous Markov model with a covariate: areafrac, when areafrac is fixed at its mean value 0.31. (d) The homogeneous Markov model with a covariate: volfrac, when volfrac is fixed at its mean value 0.38. In each graph, the red circle line denotes the transition probabilities of moving from an ‘early’ state to a ‘mild’ state (p12); the blue triangle line denotes the transition probabilities of moving from a ‘mild’ state to a ‘severe’ state (p23); the purple plus line denotes the transition probabilities of moving from a ‘severe’ state to a ‘mild’ state (p32): and the green cross line denotes the transition probabilities of moving from a ‘severe’ state to a ‘fatal’ state (p34). The colour version of this figure is available at: http://imr.sagepub.com.

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  Figure 3.. Comparison of the empirical and fitted survival probability for two multistate continuous-time Markov chain models with areafrac. (a) The multistate continuous-time Markov chain model with covariate areafrac, when areafrac is 0.4. (b) The multistate continuous-time Markov chain model with covariate areafrac, when areafrac is 0.6. In each graph, the red solid line denotes the fitted survival curve. The blue dashed line denotes the empirical survival. The red dotted line denotes the 95% confidence interval of the fitted survival. The colour version of this figure is available at: http://imr.sagepub.com.