A free-space method without any focusing mechanisms for determining the complex permittivity of dielectric materials is demonstrated. A model based on geometrical optics is developed for the propagation of a spherical electromagnetic wave through a material. The proposed method implemented using a four-port reflectometer associated to a pyramidal horn antenna is validated through an application related to the moisture measurement of a sample of cellular concrete.
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Haddadi et al. (2009) studied this question.
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