The Effects of Catheter Ablation on Permanent Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators

Figure 1:. A patient with a biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator undergoing cavotricuspid ablation for typical atrial flutter (left anterior oblique projection). Note the close contact between the right ventricular lead as it crosses the tricuspid valve and the radiofrequency ablation catheter.

Figure 2:. This patient with a biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator also has a paroxysmal atrial tachycardia requiring ablation in the coronary sinus (left anterior oblique projection). The radiofrequency ablation catheter is inside the coronary sinus, in close contact with the left ventricular lead.

Figure 3:. algorithm for managing permanent pacemakers and implantable defibrillators before and after a catheter ablation procedure.